The overall structure of car
Before we have to understand the basic principles driving the car, so now that we really came into contact with vehicles, first to a brief understanding of it under its overall structure.
car is usually the engine, chassis, body, electrical equipment in four parts.
engine is the role for which the fuel combustion into the issue of power. Most cars with reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (due to the rapid development of modern technology, in addition to internal combustion automobile engine, there is a fuel cell engine, battery motors, etc., we will later introduce the new technology inside), it is generally by the body, connecting rod, valve train, supply system, cooling system, lubrication system, ignition system (gasoline engine used), starting system components.
chassis to accept the engine power, making the car in motion, and to ensure the driver’s control in accordance with the normal vehicle driving. Chassis from the following components:
transmission – the engine’s power delivery to the drive wheels. It includes a clutch, transmission, drive shaft, drive bridges components.
running gear – the car assembly and parts all together into a whole and the entire vehicle from supporting role to ensure the normal running car. Driving system including chassis, front axle, drive axle housing, wheel (including steering wheels and driving wheels), suspension and other components.
steering – guaranteed car driver selection in accordance with the direction of travel, the steering wheel of the steering gear and steering gear component.
brake – so that cars slow down or stop, and to ensure that after the driver left the vehicle can be reliably docked. Per vehicle braking equipment include a number of independent braking systems, braking system by the energy supply for each device, control unit, transmission and brake component.
Body is working to place the driver is carrying passengers and cargo in place. Body should be easy for the driver to provide operating conditions, as well as a safe and comfortable environment for passengers or cargo is intact.
electrical equipment from the power group, engine starting system and ignition system, composed of automotive lighting and signaling devices. In addition, more and more modern car equipped with a variety of electronic devices: the microprocessor, the central computer system and various artificial intelligence devices, significantly improve the performance of the car.
In order to meet different application requirements, the car’s overall structure and layout which are different. The general assembly to install the engine and the relative position of all the different, and different driving mode, the layout of modern cars often have these types of patterns:
front engine rear wheel drive (FR) – This is a more traditional arrangement of type, usually used in trucks, cars and buses on the application was relatively less.
front engine front wheel drive (FF) – This is the layout of car was the mainstream, it has a compact structure, reduced weight, lower floor height, to improve handling and stability during high-speed advantages.
rear engine rear-wheel drive (RR) – This is the most used bus layout, which has a reduced interior noise, interior layout conducive to the advantages of the body.
mid-engined rear-wheel drive (MR) – and more used in sports cars and Formula One car. Since this type of car needs a great engine power, so the engine size is relatively large, will be placed in the driver’s seat after the engine and rear before the bridge that helps them achieve optimal axle-load distribution and improve the car performance. The famous sports car, Porsche is using this type of arrangement.
all-wheel drive (nWD) – usually off-road vehicles in a way, this way normal front engine, transmission, and equipment used in the sub-actuator in order to transport power to all wheels, respectively. But now some of the luxury cars have also adopted this approach, such as the Audi A8 and so on.
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