Commonly used by road traffic, both foot brake operation, it is also called Foot Brake. After the driver depresses the brake pedal by a mechanical or hydraulic brake force will be transmitted to produce wheels of brake friction effect.

Parking Brake System

Parking brake, also known as the parking brake, the car dock, to prevent sliding of the vehicle brakes. Generally mounted on the intermediate shaft brake type, and the direct control of the rear wheel brake type two.

Master Cylinder and Wheel Cylinder

With some of the main hydraulic brakes, the brake oil in the top slot of saving pool, below is a cylinder with a piston. Piston in the cylinder by the brake pedal is re-worked by putting will be transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder wheel brake cylinder sub is also a hydraulic brake device, configure the wheel in the brake cylinder.

Power-Brake

To the engine vacuum and the role of subsidies and other hydraulic brake control Booster power brake.

Brake Lining

Brake shoe brake on the surface of the friction material posted, for large vehicles is riveted, while small cars are posted with the compression viscosity.

Brake Shoes

By the brake cam or the role of putting content pushed out to start suppression of brake drums, brake effect of the sky accessories, its Xingzhuang Si, such as half-moon.

Drum brakes

Floor by the brake, brake wheel cylinder, brake shoe so the connecting rod, spring, nail tip, composed of the brake drum. Currently only used in the rear general.

Disc Brakes

Use the piece of metal (plates) instead of drum, the brake disc has a flat on both sides of the brake shoes, when the brake master cylinder to the hydraulic pressure delivered to sub-cylinder, brake shoes to clamp to the brake discs to achieve the effect of brake tight and has been commonly used in the front, and some advanced vehicles are fitted with four-wheel disc brakes have the advantage of the role of sensitive, heat dissipation, do not adjust the brake clearance, and maintenance easy.

Brake Fluid

Hydraulic brake system uses liquid as brake fluid, it must have no chemical effect, not the impact of temperature on the metal and the rubber will not cause corrosion, softening, swelling of the effects of currently used are DOT3, DOT4 , DOT5.

Flat rectangular-shaped steel plate was bent to the chassis number of films with Diego into a spring, one end to shoot sub-installed on the hanger and the other end connected to the beam using the hanging ears, causing the spring to stretch. Currently applicable in the large cargo trucks.

Coil Spring

Ring-shaped spring independent suspension devices up to the spring to coil into a spiral spring.

Torsion-Bar Spring

Torsion bar fixed to the frame at one end, other end of the use of arms and wheels connected to torsion bar when the wheel up and down turn, to reverse the stretch to absorb shock, simple structure accounts for a small place for small cars, but the material should be good.

Stabilizer Bar

Heng Xiang smooth rod is installed in between the frame and control arm, which functions to reduce the suspension of movement and body sway, particularly when the vehicle turns due to centrifugal force, will make the inclination of the body, the rod is sufficient to reduce the role of counter torque level outside the vehicle side.

Shock Absorber

Demand shock is not immediately stabilized as spring, that spring is compressed and then let go after, it will continue for some time You Shen has reduced, it can absorb shock encountered wheel vibration caused by uneven road surface, to ride comfort.

Front Suspension

Before the front wheel suspension system so that you can move up and down and absorb road vibration, but also need to be able to swing the wheel to steering. In addition to large cargo trucks, most of the vehicles has been widely used independent suspension device, left and right wheels no relationship with each other, as an independent action.

Rear Suspension

General vehicles will use leaf spring suspension system, or coil spring, but in today’s cars to make ride comfort, but also with independent suspension systems, suspension systems with the same four wheels can separate, in order to reduce tire wear and driving stability, and subject to the rear wheel positioning.

Automatic Level Control

Automatic level control system for the car rear specifically to meet the load change, there is no automatic level control of the vehicle if the increase in the back of the car back will sink, it will change the car’s handling characteristics, make up headlights.

After the piston reaches top dead center of its top and the space between the cylinder head, fuel that is burning in this room.

Compression Ratio

The cylinder piston in the next dead divided by the total volume of piston top dead center in the total volume (combustion chamber volume), the value obtained is called the compression ratio.

    Connecting Rod

Engine crankshaft and piston connecting rod connection.

Cooling System

By means of the coolant loop, the excess heat out of the engine to prevent overheating of the system. In the water-cooled engine, including the water jacket, water pump (someone now Your ㄡ ‘), water tanks and thermostat.

Crankcase

Engine lower, as the crankshaft running the place, including the cylinder block of the lower and oil pan.

Crankshaft

The main rotating engine parts, installed after the upper link can carry up and down the connecting rod (reciprocating) movement into a cycle (rotation) movement.

Crankshaft Gear

Crankshaft gear mounted on the front or the key gear, often used on behalf of the moving cam gear, chain or toothed belt.

Cylinder Block

The basic structure of the engine, the engine all the Parts and Accessories are installed in the aircraft parts, including engine cylinder and upper crankcase.

    Cylinder Head

Closed the lid and steam engine parts missing, including the water jacket and steam valve and the cooling film.

Detonation

For the impact or fire crackling in the spark ignition engine combustion chamber, because the air pressure over the fuel mixture will be spontaneous, so a portion of unburned mixture of air to avoid the secondary ignition (after the spark plug ignition), which issued a pop.

Displacemint

A cycle in the engine operation, can all mixture into the air and the ability of all cylinders, but also refers to the operation of a piston from a stroke to another stroke volume can row.

Engine

A kind of heat energy into mechanical energy can machine: a machine can be powered by fuel burning device; sometimes as a motor.

Fan Belt

A kind of belt-driven by the crankshaft, the main purpose is to drive the engine fan and water pump.

    Float Level

Carburetor float room, float float and withstand the needle, plug into the ports, so that oil is not flowing into float chamber, the oil level.

Four-Stroke Cycle

Intake, compression, power, four stroke exhaust. Transfer a complete four stroke cycle.

Gasket

Paper, rubber sheets or copper sheets, placed between two planes to strengthen the sealing material.

Gear Lubricant

A kind of gear lubrication oil can, usually SAE90 No. oil.

Heat-Control Valve

A Day in the engine exhaust manifold temperature operation of the valve can not reach normal operating temperature before the engine will exhaust the heat into the intake manifold.

Knock

The metal with the engine speed crash, usually caused by loose or worn bearings produced.

Main Bearing

Engine crankshaft bearings within the support.

Manifold Pressure

Turbocharger in operation within the intake manifold pressure.

Manifold Vacuum

Means within the intake manifold vacuum, that the cylinder during the intake stroke of the vacuum generated.

Oil Pan

At lower engine: removable and sealed by the axle box as a storage tank shell.

Oil filter

A kind of passage in the engine oil filter could be dirt under the device.

Oil Pump

In the lubrication system can force the oil from the sump engine moving parts of the device sent.

Ping

Engine acceleration produced by detonation, the ignition timing advance due to too many or too low octane fuel due.

  car is usually the engine, chassis, body, electrical equipment in four parts.

  engine is the role for which the fuel combustion into the issue of power. Most cars with reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (due to the rapid development of modern technology, in addition to internal combustion automobile engine, there is a fuel cell engine, battery motors, etc., we will later introduce the new technology inside), it is generally by the body, connecting rod, valve train, supply system, cooling system, lubrication system, ignition system (gasoline engine used), starting system components.

  chassis to accept the engine power, making the car in motion, and to ensure the driver’s control in accordance with the normal vehicle driving. Chassis from the following components:

  transmission – the engine’s power delivery to the drive wheels. It includes a clutch, transmission, drive shaft, drive bridges components.

  running gear – the car assembly and parts all together into a whole and the entire vehicle from supporting role to ensure the normal running car. Driving system including chassis, front axle, drive axle housing, wheel (including steering wheels and driving wheels), suspension and other components.

  steering – guaranteed car driver selection in accordance with the direction of travel, the steering wheel of the steering gear and steering gear component.

  brake – so that cars slow down or stop, and to ensure that after the driver left the vehicle can be reliably docked. Per vehicle braking equipment include a number of independent braking systems, braking system by the energy supply for each device, control unit, transmission and brake component.
Body is working to place the driver is carrying passengers and cargo in place. Body should be easy for the driver to provide operating conditions, as well as a safe and comfortable environment for passengers or cargo is intact.

  electrical equipment from the power group, engine starting system and ignition system, composed of automotive lighting and signaling devices. In addition, more and more modern car equipped with a variety of electronic devices: the microprocessor, the central computer system and various artificial intelligence devices, significantly improve the performance of the car.

  In order to meet different application requirements, the car’s overall structure and layout which are different. The general assembly to install the engine and the relative position of all the different, and different driving mode, the layout of modern cars often have these types of patterns:

  front engine rear wheel drive (FR) – This is a more traditional arrangement of type, usually used in trucks, cars and buses on the application was relatively less.

  front engine front wheel drive (FF) – This is the layout of car was the mainstream, it has a compact structure, reduced weight, lower floor height, to improve handling and stability during high-speed advantages.

  rear engine rear-wheel drive (RR) – This is the most used bus layout, which has a reduced interior noise, interior layout conducive to the advantages of the body.

  mid-engined rear-wheel drive (MR) – and more used in sports cars and Formula One car. Since this type of car needs a great engine power, so the engine size is relatively large, will be placed in the driver’s seat after the engine and rear before the bridge that helps them achieve optimal axle-load distribution and improve the car performance. The famous sports car, Porsche is using this type of arrangement.

  all-wheel drive (nWD) – usually off-road vehicles in a way, this way normal front engine, transmission, and equipment used in the sub-actuator in order to transport power to all wheels, respectively. But now some of the luxury cars have also adopted this approach, such as the Audi A8 and so on.

First, the basic principles of motor cars

  We know the car is to exercise, there must be the driving force to overcome resistance, that is, the car is moving in the required power and energy is determined by its driving resistance.

  Therefore, we first have to understand is the resistance. Some people probably asked, as long as a car, we installed a powerful engine like, and also need it to hell What resistance? If so, would face several problems: 1, how much power the engine now? No comparative reference, how do we determine what we need more power; 2, car design is the first car assembly design, such as chassis, body parts, etc. only after the design and selection engine, if you do not know This car will face resistance, we simply can not design a practical car; 3, even with a very powerful engine (enough to inform any resistance on the ground when traveling), and have installed the appropriate vehicle body will be in use because the ride, fuel consumption, emissions, maintenance, repair, etc. that you can not properly use it. Thus, we have to understand the car power, first of all is to know what obstacles we encountered.

  general, automobile driving resistance can be divided into stable dynamic driving resistance and driving resistance.

  stability of resistance, including the wheel driving resistance, air resistance and the slope resistance.

  1, the wheel resistance

  what we call the wheel of resistance is the tire rolling resistance, tire slip road there is resistance to the resistance caused by the composition.

  When the car is moving will make the tire deformation, rather than round when kept stationary, and since the rubber and tire itself has flexibility within the air, so tires will make the tire rolling through compression and stretch repeatedly process, the resulting damping function, that is, deformation resistance. After tests showed that when the car more than 45m / s (162km / h) when the tire deformation resistance will dramatically increase, which requires not only a higher power, on the tire itself is a great test. The tires on the road, the tread and the ground exists between the local vertical and horizontal relative sliding, there will be a wheel bearing internal relative motion, so it will generate friction. Since we are surrounded by air, as long as movement of objects would be air resistance. The three resistance: deformation resistance, friction of air resistance are the sum of the tire is a tire’s rolling resistance. At 40m / s (144km / h) speed of the following within the deformation resistance of the tire rolling resistance accounts for 90% -95%, 2% -10%, friction, and tire very small percentage of air resistance.

 The surface resistance of the tire in a variety of road surfaces is the rolling resistance of a variety of different roads, and the formation of resistance are different, not studied in detail here. There is the tire cornering due to resistance, which is due to the movement direction of the wheel lateral force generated by the angle generated.

  2, air resistance

  car is moving, the need to squeeze open the air around the car in front formed by the air pressure and vacuum, resulting in pressure difference, there are also layers of air and air between the friction with the car, plus cooling the engine, the surface of convex indoor ventilation and automotive parts due to air interference, air resistance is formed. It includes a pressure drag (also known as the shape of the resistance), induced resistance, that resistance (or friction), internal resistance (also called inner loop resistance), and interference resistance of the composition. Air resistance and the shape of the car, the car’s front projection area, in particular with the car – the air is proportional to the square of the relative velocity. When the car at high speed, air resistance values will increase significantly. We often appear in the car’s drag indicator is the calculation of air resistance air resistance coefficient. The coefficient is small as possible.

  3, slope resistance

  when the car uphill, along the plane direction of the total weight of the component of the formation of resistance.

  dynamic driving resistance, the main force is the inertia, and it includes the inertia caused by translation quality, but also caused by rotating mass moment of inertia.

  We now know that car to be able to exercise together must overcome the above description of the total resistance, as resistance increases, car drivers must also be followed to increase, and resistance to a range of balance, we know that driving force of the largest value depends on the maximum engine torque and power train transmission ratio, but the real driving force has been issued between tire and road adhesion properties (including the various conditions of road conditions) limit. Only in general terms of car restrictions on these various factors with the balanced, smooth movement up and can become the tools we need.

  above we have a basic understanding of the basic principles of motor cars. Topic in the future, we will further the structure of cars, really begin to understand car.

Huang has 15 years of driving experience of the master said that the car must be carefully maintained, and only careful maintenance, can be handy for owners of any ride. This, the reporter interviewed specifically vehicle maintenance professionals Shihai Arthur, let us look at the points of experts to vehicle owners that matter.

Body paint beauty

Dew fall more if the car has significant scratches, paint should be promptly dealt with so as not to scratch parts of damp rust. Summer is rainy season, rain water contains acid rain will lead to corrosion paint, car paint will inevitably be oxidized, and the summer of UV radiation on human skin is not only caused great harm to the body as well. Sunscreen even when the owners do the work, but still able to escape the body’s surface finish of radiation damage. Therefore, in the summer and autumn when seasonal, to the body were from the cleaning and polishing to waxing, sealing glaze and a series of cosmetic maintenance is essential. Of course, but also for their vehicle owner’s vehicle condition, if the paint is still very bright, to the body to fight wax on it. And cosmetic results after the glaze with the duration and quality, grade level also has a very close relationship, so owners have to pick the car of beauty products.

The engine compartment and brake maintenance

Into the fall, should always check the engine compartment of the brake oil, power pump oil, gearbox oil and antifreeze, oil is sufficient to see whether the modification, whether to a replacement cycle, the oil like a car in the blood, to the replacement cycle must be replaced to ensure the smooth circulation of oil.

In addition, for the general car owners, the brake system is the top priority of each vehicle, should always check whether weak braking, deviation, brake pedal pedaling whether the change in intensity, if necessary, clean the entire system moving parts of the system piping.

Maintenance of pipelines and fan heater

The cooler autumn weather, low temperatures occur when frost, in this season, you should pay special attention to defrost the windshield under the supply air is normal, the heat will be enough, if a problem occurs, must be promptly resolved, or else Drivers will bring insecurity. Should always check whether there is debris in these parts, if debris can be blown off with compressed air, In addition, the engine cooling state, can be washed with water guns or more parts from the inside out.

Battery Maintenance

In the fall, car battery electrode connection is that the most error-prone areas to check, if the Department has found that green oxide electrode wiring, must use water flush, which will cause the green oxide generating enough electricity to battery in the power deficit state, will cause severe battery scrap, or Dabu Zhao car phenomenon, so the main car battery especially careful inspection, do be prepared for.

Chassis maintenance

Fall maintenance chassis rust and tire inspection focused on two aspects. On the one hand, chassis metal exposure and exposure after the rain after prone to rust phenomenon, affecting driving safety. Therefore, we must deal with rust on the chassis, and check whether the chassis screws off and so on.

In addition, check the brake system should be comprehensive, its corresponding cleaning, lubrication, rust and other treatment, to ensure all aspects of normal system performance

When servicing the vehicle, accident, because not in good repair, resulting in expansion of automatic transmission glitches, deterioration caused by large accident.

But how do maintenance on the automatic models?

1. Should always check the automatic transmission oil level is normal. Automatic transmission oil check method and not the same as engine oil, engine oil in cold state inspection, gearbox oil is the oil needs to be heated to 50 ℃, then gear the gear lever to stay in 2 seconds Place the stop block, then the normal oil level oil foot should be located between the highest and lowest lines, such as not enough, the same quality in time to add the oil.

2. Master automatic transmission oil change cycle. Automatic transmission is very precise internal control mechanism, with the gap is small, so most manufacturers recommend automatic transmission drain intervals generally of two years or 4 to 6 kilometers. In the course of normal use, transmission oil temperature is generally about 120 degrees Celsius, so the high quality requirements of the oil must also be kept clean. Second, the gearbox oil to use after a long time will produce grease, sludge may be formed, will increase the friction plate and the parts wear, but also the hydraulic system so that power transfer be affected. Third, the dirty oil sludge in the valve in the valve body will move the poor, hydraulic control of the affected, so that automatic transmission abnormal.

3. The right to replace the gearbox oil. Present a better method is a dynamic oil change, oil change, gearbox with special cleaning equipment, operating in the transmission process, the full cycle of the old oil, drained and then add a new gearbox oil, so oil change rate 90 above, to ensure a good oil change effects.

Owners should take the initiative to check the training, maintenance, service awareness, you can learn some maintenance, maintenance of vehicles, the basic knowledge, read the instructions attendant, remember some of the necessary data. Scientific keep a car in order to ensure the vehicle is in good technical condition, to ensure driving safety.

First, a clean soft towel soaked with warm water, the soap evenly coated in the towel, then gently wipe the seat (fold Department can clean it repeatedly). At this point, if the towel becomes dirty, that dirt has a significant effect; second, finished with the mop to dry the seat ventilation; later, washed free of soap with a wet towel can be twice. This method decontamination capability.

Waxing can not remove glass scratches
Some owners believe that, to the front windshield on the coat of wax can be maintained before the windshield glass to prevent small scratches, but also effectively extend the front windshield wiper piece of glass and life. In fact, this is a very wrong approach.

To the vehicle front windshield glass, painted a number of low-grade wax, especially oil wax, night and other vehicles will be cars, light will form a reflective front windshield, affect the traffic line of sight, which seriously affect driving safety. Also, waxing can not remove these scratches. As the front windshield glass cleaning, just use glass cleaner, window cleaning cloth or special cleaning.

Influenced by my roommates, I decided to play WOW. The first impression WOW gave me is not good. I think WOW is not my cup of tea; I like Korean games’ painting style. To begin with WOW, my roommates told me to finish the main tasks by myself. But they give me some WOW Gold, plus the Cheap WOW Gold I bought at some retail commerce online; I managed to live on myself in World of Warcraft. But as a newbie, WOW is hard for me. I read many strategies and guidance online. Sometime I can get a chance to go to the dungeons with high level players if lucky. And I never ignore the item dropped out by the beasts; it is a big fortune by accumulation.

When I come to level 60, I went to explore the Hellfire Ramparts with other players. After vanquishing the second boss, I saw a nice weapon (blue color gear). But I didn’t get it. Thus my friends promised to help me get this weapon. We went to this dungeon again and again, and I got that weapon finally. I am really appreciated for them. Later I get level 70, I fell excited that whole morning. Afternoon, I went to Karazhan with guild members. It was my first time to go such raid dungeon, but they didn’t distain me, but teach me patiently. It is so happy to join in this united guild. I always think that guild system is a good means to get players together.

WOW gives me joy, I make many friends in WOW, and I like it.

    1, engine oil pressure is too low, lubrication will damage the engine, resulting in lubrication, cooling and cleaning bad, will cause the adhesive wear parts. Crankshaft main journals and connecting rod bearing clearance between journal and is too large, the oil viscosity is too low and the filter will cause low oil pressure rupture.

    2, engine oil pressure is too high, though not common, but also undermine the normal lubrication. Such as the oil viscosity is too large, metamorphic knot plastic, filter and oil duct blockage, pressure regulator improperly adjusted or not to open will cause the oil pressure is too high.

    3, excessive oil consumption, abnormal engine oil consumption and the ratio of gasoline is 0.5% -1%, if not greater than 1% of normal. In addition to the reasons for excessive oil consumption oil leakage, the more oil is burned. The main reason is: the piston and cylinder wall clearance is too large; piston ring wear off or even less elastic; valve guides wear off even; valve rod oil seal damage. Using Chi-resistant super popular engine repair agent can greatly improve piston ring sealing, repair worn internal parts, reduced oil consumption.